Investigating the Impact of Research and Development Costs, Rule of Law and Drought on Agricultural Growth Rate in Iran
Sona
Pouralimoghaddam
Graduate Student, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
محمد رضا
زارع مهرجردی
دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
author
Somayeh
Amirtaimoori
Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
somayeh
naghavi
Agricultural Economic, Jiroft University.
author
text
article
2020
per
The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors of the Iranian economy that have various factors affecting its growth. Drought is one of the natural factors affecting this sector. Nowadays, knowledge is the main factor of growth, production and solving different problems in countries. Research and development (R&D) costs and the rule of law index are indicators of the knowledge economy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of drought, R&D costs and rule of law on the growth rate of Iran′s agricultural sector. For this purpose, the casual Bayesian network method was used and data were collected for the period 2002-2017. The results showed that increasing the growth rate of R&D costs, increasing the rule of law index and placing Iran in wet conditions increased the agricultural water productivity and growth of this sector. Increasing R&D costs showed the best performance in improving the drought index. The highest probability of drought index was in the high condition with probability of 24.2% with 100% probability of R&D. The Rule of Law scenario showed the best performance in reducing water use in agriculture. So, by placing the rule of law probability in high position, the highest probability of growth of agricultural water use was in the low position with probability of 50.5%. Therefore, increasing R&D costs and targeting them, as well as enforcing laws and policies in various fields such as water resources can help increase water productivity in the agricultural sector and growth this sector.
Agricultural Economics
انجمن اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران
2008-5524
14
v.
1
no.
2020
1
25
https://www.iranianjae.ir/article_44505_5123e17bd8999fd9b940b348e26fdf23.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/iaes.2020.116772.1737
Future Study of Wheat in Iran
بهزاد
فکاری سردهایی
کارشناس ارشد مرکز ملی مطالعات راهبردی کشاورزی و آب
author
Naser
Shahnuoshi
Ferdouwsi university of Mashhad
author
hosein
mohammadi
Faculty member of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2020
per
Wheat is one of the basic and strategic products in Iran, which has a significant role in the Iranian food basket. Because of the variation of climate, environmental, economic, political, and technological conditions, the codification of a long-term production plan is essential. Relying on a long-term forecast is not a proper approach for long-term planning, and different scenarios should take in to consideration in the future study framework to provide a reliable plan. The aim of this paper is to study the future of wheat in the country up to 2041. For this purpose, PESTEL analysis alongside the GBN scenario writing method with scenario software wizard and MicMac applied to information, which gathered, from the group of experts including university and research center experts and managers of Iran's wheat plan in 2019. These experts discussed the future vision of wheat production and three scenarios including the future (first scenario), never change (second scenario) and historical reversal (third scenario) selected from 18 possible scenarios. In the first scenario, the area under cultivation decreased by 26%, and wheat yield increases by 30.5% compared to the current situation which is the most optimistic scenario for the study. In each scenario, different dimensions of wheat supply and demand examined and different futures illustrated for policymakers in order to reach a better-suited plan for the future of wheat production.
Agricultural Economics
انجمن اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران
2008-5524
14
v.
1
no.
2020
27
49
https://www.iranianjae.ir/article_44507_5462b79f4c89fc8b424279e99c0a049a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/iaes.2020.124268.1761
Analysis of the Effect of Microcredit on Rural Sustainable Development Components: Application of Propensity Score Regression Approach and Bootstrap Algorithm
Alireza
Sani Heidary
Ph.D Student Agricultural Economics /Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mahmoud
Daneshvar Kakhki
Professor of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad, Iran
author
Naser
Shanoushi
Professor of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mahmoud
Sabouhi Sabouni
Professor of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2020
per
Sustainable development is now considered in many developing countries as the main economic approach for reducing poverty and improving living standards and enhancing environmental protection. Therefore, the use of appropriate tools to achieve the goals of sustainable development in rural areas has been very important. In this regard, the microcredits has been proposed as an effective tool in sustainable rural development. So the purpose of this study is to answer the question of what will be the impact of microcredit on the economic, social and environmental sustainability of rural households? In order to answer this question, 309 questionnaires were completed from the households of the villages of Torbat-e-Jameh County and the combination of propensity score matching regression approach and bootstrap algorithm was used. The results showed that the microcredit has a positive effect on economic and social indices, however, its impact on the environmental index is negative. In order to increase the validity of results the confidence interval was estimated. Furthermore, the Rosenbaum sensitivity analysis revealed that the sensitivity of the results of economic and social indices, even with a fourfold increase in gamma, is still significant. Also, the probability of a difference in the treatment group due to unobserved factors (or gamma) should be increased to 3.2 to change the effect of microcredit on the environmental index. Given the importance of microcredit at the rural communities due to the process of economic and social development, and also, its impact on the reducing of negative effects on the living environment, it is recommended that the government should support microfinance institutions and provide a legal and environmentally friendly framework to expand microcredits.
Agricultural Economics
انجمن اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران
2008-5524
14
v.
1
no.
2020
47
87
https://www.iranianjae.ir/article_44508_287773b32d4e5c399af5cae1f14916bc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/iaes.2020.124925.1765
Investigating the Effective Factors on Enhancing Loyalty Level of Edible Oil Consumer: Case Study Tehran City
Hamed
Rafiee
Tehran University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
author
Amirhossein
Chizari
Tehran University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
author
Mahdis
Arefpour
Tehran University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2020
per
The food market has become a competitive market with less distinct products, so identifying the effective factors on increasing consumer’s brand loyalty is vital to the survival of firms. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors affecting the development of consumer’s brand loyalty in Tehran city. For this aim, 250 questionnaires were completed and multinomial logit model were used. The dependent variable consists of three categories of "consumption of one specific brand", "consumption of two or three specific brands" and "consumption of various brands". The results indicated that brand is important for 91% of consumers, which 62% of consumers purchase their own edible oil from two or three specific brands. Based on the multinomial logit results, the variables of quality and brand importance for consumers have positive and significant effect on the loyalty of the "Consuming only one specific brand" category, while this effect for price, number of well-known brands and price benefits variables is negative and significant. Therefore, it is recommended that the producers of edible oil pay attention to factors promoting consumer loyalty levels, especially quality and branding.
Agricultural Economics
انجمن اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران
2008-5524
14
v.
1
no.
2020
95
117
https://www.iranianjae.ir/article_44509_f867b80216beb65d0a351a0655f84fa7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/iaes.2020.127749.1771
Analyzing Economical and Environmental Dimensions of Energy Balance in Sugar Beet Production in Iran
Afsaneh
Nikoukar
Payam-e Noor University
author
text
article
2020
per
Optimal use of energy inputs and increasing productivity of energy lead to less production costs, less greenhouse gas emission also, less negative effects of agricultural inputs on the environment. This study aims to examine the energy balance of sugar beet production in Iran and compares the economic and environmental dimensions of expanding sugar beet production. For this purpose, production function of sugar beet was estimated using Panel data of five provinces of Hamedan, Kermanshah, Khorasan Razavi, Fars and West Azerbaijan for 2000-2015 period. Results showed that the highest energy inputs are chemical fertilizer, machinery and labor, respectively. Also, with a net energy gain of about 643 GJ, 23.53 energy ratio and 1.4 MJ/Kg energy productivity, an increase in sugar beet production is desirable in viewpoint of energy balance. The estimated Cobb- Douglas production function showed that only machinery and farmyard manure were used in the economic range. The MPPs of two inputs of machinery and farmyard manure were higher than other inputs. Also, an increase in sugar beet yield using these two inputs causes less CO2 emission. The significant coefficient of Dummy variable showed that the yield of sugar beet in Fars and Khorasan provinces is significantly lower than other provinces. The sum of the significant coefficients of the energy inputs indicated a decreasing returns to scale. Based on the results of this study, expanding mechanized cultivation and optimal use of monogram seeds, also, reducing subsidies and realizing the price of chemical fertilizers to reduce the use of this input are suggested.
Agricultural Economics
انجمن اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران
2008-5524
14
v.
1
no.
2020
115
143
https://www.iranianjae.ir/article_44510_6d2cbcb8a06144fd5f003559cff2fa31.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/iaes.2020.129241.1774
Investigation of cereal price transmission in Fars province
maryam
ehsany
Department of Agricultural Economics, Shiraz University
author
Mohammad
Bakhshoodeh
Professor of agricultural economics, Faculty of agriculture, Shiraz university
author
text
article
2020
per
How to transfer price of agricultural products and its changes are considered as one of the most important indices of market performance and the main means of resource allocation in the economy. Assessing how price changes are transferred among different market levels is very important for the factors involved in production management and marketing and policymakers, and this information can be used in management decisions. Whenever occurs a disruption in the price transfer mechanism, the market system will not function properly and asymmetric price transfer can disrupt price signals and force the government to intervene to redistribute resources. Materials and methods In this research, the transfer of prices between wholesale and retail levels of beans in Fars province during the period 1999:03 to 2017:02 was studied. Due to the nature of the data studied and the occurrence of structural break in the variables, were used the HEGY unit root test and unit root test with structural break. Also, due to the spillover effects in the market of alternative products, the retail price of alternative products was also included in the models. To investigate price transmission patterns, the error correction approach with structural failure was used. Results and Discussion The results showed that in the short term for tiny pea and large lentil the price transmission is asymmetric and for large pea and tiny lentil is symmetric. In the long term, price transmission is asymmetric for all products, which seems to be due to the continuation of negative effects of economic sanctions and high
Agricultural Economics
انجمن اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران
2008-5524
14
v.
1
no.
2020
145
165
https://www.iranianjae.ir/article_44511_247ef13de4323aa59f7f5d8dc1b7aace.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/iaes.2020.129892.1776