Rice is a vital and strategic agricultural product in Iran, and Guilan Province plays a central role in its supply, contributing 30–45% of the country’s production. Investigating the impact of climatic conditions on rice yield is of particular importance, as climate change and meteorological variables can directly or indirectly influence crop productivity. In this study, the effect of climatic conditions on rice production in Rasht is examined. For this purpose, daily meteorological data from 2005 to 2024 were obtained from the Guilan Meteorological Organization, and rice production data from 2019 to 2025 were collected from the Guilan Agricultural Jihad Organization. After data collection, cleaning, and descriptive statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix was employed to generate a heatmap illustrating the interrelationships between climatic factors and rice yield. The results indicate that harvested area (correlation coefficient = 0.99) has the strongest direct effect on rice production. Among climatic indicators, average wet temperature in winter and in summer showed the strongest positive relationships with production (correlation coefficients = 0.52 and 0.50, respectively). Conversely, average wind speed in spring and summer exhibited the strongest negative associations (correlation coefficients = -0.99 and -0.78, respectively). These findings can inform management recommendations and guide future studies aimed at reducing climate-related damage and optimizing crop yields in the region.