درک خانوار و آسیب پذیری معیشتی نسبت به تغییر اقلیم: عشایر استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شیراز

2 استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

این مقاله به بررسی درک خانوار و سنجش آسیب‌پذیری معیشتی نسبت‌به تغییر اقلیم برای عشایر استان فارس، پرداخته است. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای، در مجموع تعداد 393 خانوار عشایری از طوایف عمله، فارسیمدان، کشکولی بزرگ و کشکولی کوچک ایل قشقایی، انتخاب شده و اطلاعات اولیه، از طریق مصاحبه‌ی حضوری با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌های ساختار یافته به‌دست آمده است. این مقاله شامل دو قسمت است. در قسمت اول، درک خانوار عشایری از تغییر اقلیم ارزیابی شده و در قسمت دوم، شاخص آسیب-پذیری معیشتی نسبت‌به تغییر اقلیم محاسبه شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، خانوارهای مورد بررسی دارای درک مناسب از تغییر اقلیم هستند. بر اساس نتایج، طوایف فارسیمدان و عمله، که بیشتر در معرض تغییر اقلیم قرار داشته‌اند، دارای ظرفیت انطباق بالا هستند، ولی در مقابل عشایر دو طایفه‌ کشکولی بزرگ و کوچک که کمتر در معرض تغییر اقلیم قرار داشته‌اند، دارای معیشت متکی بر دامداری سنتی بوده و از ظرفیت انطباق پایین در برابر شرایط برخوردار می‌باشند. همچنین، خانوارهای عشایری طایفه‌ "فارسیمدان" به‌دلیل تخریب بالای مراتع، دارای بیشترین شاخص آسیب‌پذیری معیشتی (برابر 32/5) و عشایر طایفه‌ "عمله" به‌دلیل ظرفیت انطباق بالا در برابر تغییر اقلیم، دارای کمترین شاخص آسیب‌پذیری معیشتی (برابر 44/4) هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Acquah, H.D.G. (2011) Farmers perception and adaptation to climate change: A wellingness to pay analysis. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(5):150–161.
Adger, W.N. (2006) Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 16:268–281.
Amos, E., Akpan, U. and Ogunjobi, K. (2014) Households’ perception and livelihood vulnerability to climate change in a coastal area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Environmental Development Sustainable, 3:1-22.
Antuwi-Agyei, P., Dougill, A.J. and  Evan, D.G. (2013) Fraser Lindsay C. Stringer, Characterising the nature of household vulnerability to climate variability: Empirical evidence from two regions of Ghana. Environmental, Development and Sastainability, 14(4): 903-926.
Apata, T., Samuel, K. and Adeola, A.O. (2009) Analysis of climate change perception and adaptation among arable food crop farmers in South Western Nigeria.
Aphunu, A. and Nwabeze, G. (2012) Fish Farmers’ perception of climate change impact on fish production in Delta State. Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 6(2):1–13.
Ashok, K.R. and Sasikala, C. (2012) Farmers vulnerability to rainfall variability and technology adoption in rain-fed tank irrigated agriculture. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 25(2): 267-278.
Biazin, B. and Sterk, G. (2013) Drought vulnerability drives land-use and land cover changes in the Rift Vally dry lands of Ethiopia agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, 164: 100-113.
Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Böhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C.K., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., Zähringer, J., Carter-Silk, E., Balzan, M.V., Kenter, J.O., Häyhä, T., Petz, K. and Koss, R. (2016) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework. EcosystemServices,17:99–111.
Cinner, J., McClanahan, T., Graham, N., Daw, T., Maina, J. and Stead, S. (2012) Vulnerability of coastal communities to key impacts of climate change on coral reef fisheries. Global Environmental Change, 22:12–20.
Combest-Friedman, C., Christie, P. and Miles, E. (2012) Household perceptions of coastal hazards and climate change in central Phillippines. Journal of Environmental Management, 112:137–148.
Cutter, S.L., Boruff, B.J. and Shirley, W.L. (2003) Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Social Science Quarterly, 84(2):242–261.
Dankelman, I. (2002) Climate change: Learning from gender analysis and women’s experiences of organising for sustainable development. Gender & Development, 10(2):21–29.
Devkota, R.P., Bajracharya, B., Maraseni, T.N., Cockfield, G. and Upadhyay, B.P. (2011) The perception of Nepal’s Tharu community in regard to climate change and its impacts on their livelihoods. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 68(6):937–946.
Fussel, H.M.( 2007) Vulnerability: A generally applicable conceptual framework for climate change research. Global Environmental Change, 17:155–167.
Grothmann, T. and Patt, A. (2005) Adaptive capacity and human cognition: The process of individual adaptation to climate change. Global Environmental Change, 15:199–213.
Hahn, M.B., Riederer, A.M. and Foster, S.O. (2009) The livelihood vulnerability index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change—A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 19:74–88.
Haque, M.A., Yamamoto, S.S., Malik, A.A. and Sauerborn, R. (2012) Households’ perception of climate change and human health risks: A community perspective. Environmental Health, 11(1):1–12.
Ifeanyiobi, C., Etuk, U. and Jike-wai, O. (2012) Climate change, effects and adaptation strategies: Implication for agricultural extension system in Nigeria. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(2):53–060.
Kelly, P. and Adger, W. (2000) Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation. Climatic Change, 47:325–352.
Nicholls, R. (2011) Planning for the impacts of sea level rise. Oceanography, 24(2):144–157.
Panthi, J., Aryal, S., Dahal, P., Bhandari, P., Krakauer, N.Y. and Prasad-Pandey, V. (2015) Livelihood vulnerability approach to assessing climate change impacts on mixed agro-livestock smallholders around the Gandaki River Basin in Nepal. Regional Environmental Change, 16(4): 1121-1132.
Reed, M.S., Podesta, G., Fazey, I., Geeson, N., Hessel, R. and Hubacek, K. (2013) Combining analytical frameworks to assess livelihood vulnerability to climate change and analyse adaptation options. Ecological Economics, 94:66–77.
Scheaffer, R.L., Mendenhall III, W., Lyman Ott, R. and Gerow, K. (2012) Elementary SurveySampling (7th ed.). Boston, USA.
Shah, K.U., Dulal, H.B., Johnson, C. and Baptiste, A. (2013) Understanding livelihood vulnerability to climate change: Applying the livelihood vulnerability index in Trinidad and Tobago. Geoforum, 47:125–137.
Sietz, D., Edgar, S., Chque, M. and Matthias, K.B. (2012) Ludeke, typical patterns of smallholder vulnerability to weather extremes with regard to food security in the Peruvian Altiplano. Regional Environmental Change, 12: 489-505.
Smit, B. and Wandel, J. (2006) Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16:282–292.
Steffen, W., Sims, J., Walcott, J. and Laughlin, G. (2011) Australian agriculture: Coping with dangerous climate change. Regional Environmental Change, 11(1): 205-214.
Tambo, J.A. and Abdoulaye, T. (2013) Smallholder farmers’ perceptions of and adaptations to climate change in the Nigerian savanna. Regional Environmental Change, 13:375–388.
Toufique, K.A. and Islam, A. (2014) Assessing risks from climate variability and change for disaster-prone zones in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 10: 236–24