Due to the accelerating rate of food inflation, it is important to investigate food inequality. This study has analyzed Iranian urban households’ food expenditure for each expenditure decile. As well, the role of each food expenditure group in creating food inequality during 2011-2022 has been examined. By using Lerman and Yitzaki method, the Gini coefficient of household’s food and tobacco expenditure has been decomposed for 25 expenditure sources. In order to investigate the effect of change in expenditure of each group on food inequality, the marginal effect and the elasticity of the Gini coefficient has been calculated. According to the results, overall household’s food consumption decreased because of descending trend of real expenditure of food. The first three decile have the most share of food expenditure in bread, flour and pasta, vegetables, eggs and poultry, dairy products, legumes, vegetable oil, sugar, tea and tobacco among other decile. However, the tenth decile has the most share of expenditure in aquatic and red meat, rice and grains, fruits, nuts, milk, honey and sweets and preserved food compared to the other decile. Additionally, the food inequality is more severe in preserved food, animal fat, nuts, aquatic and red meat, rice and grains but the most contribution to the total food inequality is related to the red meat, rice and grains and fruits expenditure groups.