بررسی تأثیر گسترش درجه باز بودن تجاری بخش کشاورزی بر بیکاری روستاییان در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

تجربه‌ بسیاری از کشورهای جهان نشان می‌دهد که گسترش درجه باز بودن تجاری از طریق افزایش دسترسی به بازارهای بین‌المللی، تسریع رشد اقتصادی و رونق اشتغال در منطقه‌های شهری و روستایی را به همراه داشته است. از این‌رو، در این بررسی به ارزیابی تأثیر درجه باز بودن تجاری بخش کشاورزی بر بیکاری روستاییان در ایران پرداخته شد. بدین‌منظور، از آمار دوره زمانی سالیانه 1397-1365 و رهیافت خودتوضیح با وقفه‌های گسترده استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در کوتاه‌مدت با افزایش درجه باز بودن تجاری بخش کشاورزی از میزان بیکاری روستاییان در کشور کاسته می‌شود. با این وجود، در دوره‌های بلندمدت با افزایش درجه باز بودن تجاری بخش کشاورزی بر میزان بیکاری روستایی در ایران افزوده می‌شود. افزون بر این، نتایج نشان داد که در کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت با افزایش رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی بخش کشاورزی از میزان بیکاری روستاییان در ایران کاسته می‌شود. همچنین، با کاهش درجه خشکی محیط در کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت زمینه کاهش بیکاری در منطقه‌های روستایی فراهم خواهد شد. با این وجود، رشد جمعیت روستایی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر افزایش بیکاری روستاییان در کشور از خود نشان نمی‌دهد. در نهایت، پیشنهاد شد که به منظور کاهش بیکاری روستاییان در کشور به ویژه در دوره‌های بلندمدت، تدوام و افزایش حمایت از ایجاد اشتغال و سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش کشاورزی با هدف نفوذ بیش از پیش مشاغل کاربر در منطقه‌های روستایی مورد توجه بیشتر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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