Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Master's Student, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran
10.22034/iaes.2025.2057807.2119
Abstract
However, this sector faces numerous challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, exchange rate volatility, customs barriers, economic sanctions, and climate change. This study employs a strategic analysis approach using the SWOT model (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) to identify key internal and external factors and to develop optimal strategies for improving Iran’s agricultural export performance. Data were collected through snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews with 96 experts in agriculture and export-related fields. The SWOT analysis identified 28 internal factors (14 strengths and 14 weaknesses) and 28 external factors (14 opportunities and 14 threats). Findings indicate that Iran possesses several competitive advantages, such as climatic diversity, abundant natural resources, proximity to regional markets, and production of strategic commodities like saffron and pistachios, which create a strong foundation for export expansion. Conversely, challenges such as weak transportation infrastructure, limited branding capacity, financial constraints, and currency fluctuations significantly hinder export growth. Based on the SWOT matrix, four categories of export strategies were formulated. The SO (aggressive) strategies focus on promoting sustainable agriculture, expanding organic products, attracting foreign investment, and adopting modern technologies. The ST (competitive) strategies aim to mitigate the impacts of sanctions and climate change, expand into regional markets, and leverage indigenous agricultural knowledge. The WO (adaptive) strategies emphasize improving export infrastructure, enhancing product quality, and advancing digital marketing. Lastly, the WT (defensive) strategies propose solutions for managing currency volatility, reforming support policies, and optimizing supply chain management. The study concludes that developing a comprehensive agricultural export roadmap grounded in SWOT-based strategies can significantly enhance the global competitiveness of Iran’s agricultural products. It is recommended that policymakers and stakeholders prioritize infrastructure development, regulatory reform, technological advancement, and the strengthening of international cooperation to foster a conducive environment for agricultural export growth.
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