Due to their climatic and geographical diversity, Iranian rangelands have a high capacity to provide fodder and support the livelihoods of livestock farmers. However, several factors such as climate change, excessive grazing pressure, and land use change have caused the destruction of these natural resources. This study aimed to investigate the effects of economic-environmental strategies on reducing environmental consequences and improving the livelihoods of livestock farmers. In the first step, the amount of fodder that can be harvested from the summer pastures of Babol County and the fodder needs of existing livestock were investigated. Then, using two-stage stochastic programming modeling, optimal scenarios for sustainable rangeland management were designed. Research data were collected through questionnaires and field reports of livestock farmers during 1401. The results showed that while the annual requirement of livestock in the summer pastures of the region is estimated to be 15,625.59 tons of TDN, these pastures can only produce about 3,167.8 tons of TDN worth approximately 17.42 billion Tomans. This shortfall of about 12,560.47 tons of TDN is compensated through increased pressure on the pastures, which intensifies the destruction of natural resources. The modeling results showed that adopting economic-environmental strategies such as regulating the number of livestock, using alternative forage sources, improving the quality of pastures, and promoting sustainable grazing will not only help reduce pressure on the pasture ecosystem, but will also have positive effects on the livelihoods of livestock farmers. Therefore, targeted policies in this area seem necessary.